Subtraction is one of the four fundamental arithmetic operations. It represents taking away one quantity from another to find the difference.
Symbol: The minus sign (−) represents subtraction.

Non-Commutative: Order matters!
Non-Associative: Grouping affects the result.
Identity Property: Subtracting zero leaves a number unchanged.
Subtracting a Number from Itself:a−a=0.

Standard (Column) Subtraction:Align numbers by place value and subtract from right to left, borrowing if needed.
Counting Up (Complementary Addition):Find the difference by counting up from the smaller number.
Using Number Lines:Visualize subtraction as moving left on a number line.

Real-life scenarios: Calculating change, measuring differences, tracking inventory.
Advanced math: Foundations for algebra, calculus, and more.